TLDR: African-American scientists and technicians played important roles in the Manhattan Project during World War II, contributing to the development of atomic weapons. Their work was often kept secret and they faced discrimination and segregation. Despite these challenges, they made significant contributions to nuclear physics, uranium processing, and scientific instrumentation.

The Manhattan Project was a top-secret research and development initiative led by the United States during World War II. Its goal was to design and build the first atomic weapons. African-American scientists and technicians were part of this project, although their contributions were often overlooked or hidden. They played key roles in areas such as nuclear physics, uranium processing, and scientific instrumentation.

Some notable African-American scientists and technicians on the Manhattan Project include William Jacob Knox Jr., Lloyd Quarterman, Carolyn Parker, Robert Johnson Omohundro, and Jesse Ernest Wilkins Jr. They made important contributions to the theoretical understanding of nuclear physics, the extraction and processing of uranium, and the development of scientific instruments to detect radioactive materials.

However, African-American scientists and technicians faced significant challenges and discrimination during their time on the Manhattan Project. They often had limited educational opportunities, especially in the segregated South. They also faced segregation and discriminatory policies at research facilities, such as separate living areas and unequal treatment.

Despite these obstacles, African-American scientists and technicians persevered and made significant contributions to the Manhattan Project. Their work helped shape the development of atomic weapons and laid the foundation for future advancements in nuclear science.

Overall, the story of African-American scientists and technicians on the Manhattan Project is one of resilience and determination in the face of adversity. Their contributions deserve recognition and appreciation for their role in shaping history.